Combating Sexual Orientation Discrimination in the European Union

The Employment Equality Directive (Directive 2000/78) requires all EU Member States to provide for protection against discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in employment and occupation. The present report describes the scope of protection provided by the Directive and its normative impact on the national legal systems of the Member States against the background of international and other human rights law.

MoreLess

Year of publication:	2015
Authors:	Pudzianowska, Dorota ; Śmiszek, Krzysztof
Other Persons:	Tobler, Christa (contributor)
Institutions:	Europäische Kommission / Generaldirektion Justiz und Verbraucher (contributor) ; Europäisches Netz unabhängiger Sachverständiger im Bereich der Nichtdiskriminierung (contributor) ; Human European Consultancy, Utrecht (contributor) ; Migration Policy Group (contributor)
Publisher:	Amt für Amtliche Veröffentlichungen, Luxemburg
Subject:	Arbeit \| labor \| Beschäftigung \| employment \| Diskriminierung \| discrimination \| EU \| Homosexualität \| homosexuality \| Recht \| law \| Rechtsanwendung \| legal usage \| Sexualität \| sexuality

Check Google Scholar |

More access options

In libraries world-wide (WorldCat)

In German libraries (KVK)

subito order

I need help

Executive summary
Introduction
I. The international legal framework
1. United Nations
2. Council of Europe
2.1. European Convention on Human Rights
2.2. Council of Europe soft law
2.3. European Social Charter
3. Relevance for the European Union
II. Development in the European Union
1. EU member state laws before the adoption of Directive 2000/78
2. Development on the level of the Union
2.1. Action of the EU institutions before the adoption of Directive 2000/78
2.2. Adoption of Directive 2000/78
2.3. The Charter of Fundamental Rights and the general principle of non-discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation
III. The prohibition of discrimination under Directive 2000/78
1. Aim of the Directive
2. Scope
2.1. Personal scope
2.2. Material scope
3.Forms of discrimination
3.1. Direct discrimination
3.2. Indirect discrimination
3.3. Harassment
3.4. Instruction to discriminate
4. Sexual orientation as a ground for discrimination
4.1. The term ‘sexual orientation’
4.2. Actual sexual orientation
4.3. Assumed sexual orientation
4.4. Associated sexual orientation
5. Exceptions or derogations
5.1.Introductory remarks
5.2.The general exception of Article 2(5)
5.3.Sexual orientation as a genuine and determining occupational requirement
5.4.Positive action
5.5.No derogation from the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation for churches and ethos-based organisations under Article 4(2)
6.Burden of proof
7.Remedies and sanctions
IV. CJEU case law with regard to sexual orientation discrimination
1. Employment benefits: the Maruko, Römer and Hay judgments
...
2. Hate speech and the burden of proof: the ACCEPT judgment
V. Implementation of Directive 2000/78 in the Member States and further evolution in national legislation and case-law
...
VI.Future developments of protection against discrimination on the ground of sexual orientation in the EU
1. ...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011624871