Comparative analysis of train departure strategies in a container shipment

Background: We focus on the inland rail forwarding of import containers from a marine terminal. Specifically, we present a discrete-event simulation study related to container-loading operations by train, evaluating different train departure policies within a predetermined schedule based on the capacity of the rail network. The aim is threefold: manage more containers shipped by train, improve terminal operational efficiency, and increase the rail share. Methods: The proposed procedures take full advantage of the digitization and visualization of data currently present in the terminal with the aim of improving the performance indices of interest, thereby increasing the terminal's operational efficiency. We evaluate the medium- and long-term impact of alternative strategies on container dwell times and the possible increase in the number of containers shipped by train. Results: The computational tests are performed with data from a terminal in the port of Genoa (Italy). The results show the relationships between train departure management policies and train departure distributions. The number of departing trains, cancelled trains, and trains departing with load percentages below 70% is studied. Average loads per train and estimated delays are also analyzed. Conclusions: It is noted that the results, which can be obtained with data from any terminal, are of great importance for optimizing operational management, offering practical solutions to improve efficiency and reduce container downtime.