Controlling the international exchanges of armaments and dual-use technologies: The case of Spain

This paper deals with the economic effects of the control systems for armament exports and civil-military technologies. It describes the institutional framework, taking into account its changes in conception and orientation which occurred due to the dissolution in 1994 of the COCOM and the signing of the Wassenaar Agreement. These changes affected Spanish exports, which are studied on the basis of the data from the period 1991 - 1999. The control systems affected 1 per cent of Spanish exports. This impact has been decreasing over time, after the institutional change. Computer industries, telecommunications and aerospace have been the most affected industries. Exports subject to authorisation were the ones to other members of NATO and the Asian economies.