Cooperative management of an emission trading system : a private governance and learned auction for a blockchain approach

Although blockchain technology has received a signifcant amount of cutting-edge research on constructing a novel carbon trade market in theory, there is little research on using blockchain in carbon emission trading schemes (ETS). This study intends to address existing gaps in the literature by creating and simulating an ETS system based on blockchain technology. Using the ciphertext-policy attributed-based encryp‑ tion algorithm and the Fabric network to build a platform may optimize the amount of data available while maintaining privacy security. Considering the augmentation of information interaction during the auction process brought about by blockchain, the learning behavior of bidding frms is introduced to investigate the impact of block‑ chain on ETS auction. In particular, implementing smart contracts can provide a swift and automatic settlement. The simulation results of the proposed system demonstrate the following: (1) fne-grained access is possible with a second delay; (2) the average annual compliance levels increase by 2% when bidders' learning behavior is consid‑ ered; and (3) the blockchain network can process more than 350 reading operations or 7 writing operations in a second. literature hypothesises and provides randomised evidence for the positive impact of promoting the broad-based inclusion, empowerment, and representation of women on regional ecosystems. This study seeks to isolate a female agency driven development factor in external sovereign emerging market debt and fnds evidence for superior risk-adjusted returns from tilting towards female agency leaders. We propose the female agency factor as an additional scope in the modern investor's toolbox of holistic credit assessment, allowing investors to isolate the issuers which are the most efective sovereign transmission mechanisms of sustainable development capital. This contribution to the corpus supports the notion of integrating sustainability factors into portfolio construction and reinforces the argument for supporting femaleled development from a fnancial markets' perspective.