Cooperative Strategies: Performance Determinants and Implications for the MENA region.

In our study of four industries, we confirmed that there is a relationship between the stage through which the industry is going, thus its level of turbulence, and the nature of cooperative strategies. More specifically it appears in situations of industry reconfiguration, that the smaller, more peripheral firms have more incentive in developing international alliances. It is the source of significant and sustainable competitive advantage that is not easily available to the more established firms. Implications for the MENA regions are discussed.