Countering cyber-enabled hybrid interference in the Western Balkans : a scenario-based approach

This analytical report provides an overview of cyber-enabled hybrid interference in the Western Balkans, along with recommendations on how to improve approaches to effectively counter these threats. To this end, the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) designed and conducted a scenario-based exercise aimed at identifying key issues and potential responses to hybrid threats, with active participation from regional stakeholders. The fictional scenarios focused specifically on the interlinkage between foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) and harmful cyber operations, reflecting real-time challenges in the region.