13. A cultural intelligence mapping of cross-cultural training programs in the context of First Peoples in Australia: current state and opportunities for development

This chapter addresses two main questions: (a) To what extent is the cultural intelligence framework (CQ) and its elements utilized in the design and implementation of training programs in the context of enhancing cross-cultural effectiveness when interacting with First Peoples in Australia? and (b) What factors facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of these training programs? To answer these, we conducted a domain-based literature review focusing on training programs that sought to enhance the cross-cultural effectiveness of non-Indigenous Australians working with First Peoples in Australia. While not extensive, the few studies that we found provided valuable insights into the extent to which elements of CQ – knowledge, metacognition, motivation, and skill/behavior – were covered and implemented in these domain-based training programs. We also found other factors that facilitated and hindered the effectiveness of these training programs. Specifically, the input of First Peoples in Australia as well as instructor and content relatability were key enablers; content overload, lack of follow-up, and discomfort were identified barriers. We conclude by generating practical implications and opportunities for the future development of these training programs.