Does the child penalty strike twice, and if so why?

Mette Gørtz, Sarah Sander, Almudena Sevilla

This paper compares the labor market impact of grandparents before and after the arrival of the first grandchild. We show that grandmothers' labor market outcomes decline more steeply than grandfathers' after the first grandchild's arrival, leading to a 4-10 percent gender earnings gap 5-10 years later. The child penalty is shifted across generations to grandmothers with low education, but daycare availability only affects child penalties. Gender biases towards older women's work are a contributing factor to the disparity in earnings between grandmothers and grandfathers after the arrival of the first grandchild.

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Year of publication:	October 2023
Authors:	Gørtz, Mette ; Sander, Sarah ; Sevilla, Almudena
Publisher:	Bonn, Germany : IZA - Institute of Labor Economics
Subject:	grandchildren \| female labor supply \| gender \| inequality \| retirement \| Weibliche Arbeitskräfte \| Women workers \| Geschlechterdiskriminierung \| Gender discrimination \| Altersgrenze \| Retirement \| Lohnstruktur \| Wage structure \| Arbeitskampf \| Industrial action \| Arbeitsangebot \| Labour supply \| Kinderbetreuung \| Child care \| Kinder \| Children

Extent:	1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) Illustrationen
Series:	Discussion paper series / IZA. - Bonn : IZA, ZDB-ID 2120053-1. - Vol. no. 16557
Type of publication:	Book / Working Paper
Type of publication (narrower categories):	Graue Literatur ; Non-commercial literature ; Arbeitspapier ; Working Paper
Language:	English
Other identifiers:	hdl:10419/282684 [Handle]
Classification:	J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth ; J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; J16 - Economics of Gender ; J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
Source:	ECONIS - Online Catalogue of the ZBW

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014422261