Domestic and supranational political opportunities: European protest in selected countries 1980-1995
This paper attempts to explain the rates of European protest in three core countries of the EEC/EU the Belgium, France, and Germany over a sixteen-year period from 1980 to 1995 based on their institutional differences as suggested by the literature on political opportunity structures. First, the findings support the notion of a Europeanization of protest that is spurred by the changing constellation of national vs. supranational powers in the wake of European integration. The Europeanization of protest occurs, displaying systematic cross-national differences. These differences are, as the results suggest, related to the differential between the constraints of the actors' domestic environments and the common-to-all evolving opportunities on the level of European politics. Secondly, the findings suggest that the rates of protest in cross-national perspective are not simply random. The macro-political structure plays a (statistically) significant, logically consistent, and visible role in the explanatory bundle leading to occurrence or absence of protest actions.
Year of publication: |
1998-07-17
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Authors: | Reising, Uwe K.H. |
Published in: |
European Integration online Papers (EIoP). - European Community Studies Association Austria - ECSA Austria, ISSN 1027-5193. - Vol. 2.1998, 07, 5
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Publisher: |
European Community Studies Association Austria - ECSA Austria |
Subject: | protest | political opportunity structure | participation | Belgium | France | Germany | political science |
Description of contents: | Abstract [eiop.or.at] |
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