Due Diligence for Responsible Sand and Silicate Supply Chains

Sand and silicate supply chains are the second most-extracted resource globally after water. Though sometimes overlooked in initiatives on critical minerals, sand and silicates are important to strategic uses spanning energy, infrastructure and technologies like semiconductors. This report provides an overview of significant risks related to responsible business conduct in this supply chain, and examines adverse impacts related to conflict, human rights, environmental damage and working conditions. It also includes considerations for companies and policymakers to use meaningful due diligence to address these risks and foster a supportive policy environment for enhanced resilience.