- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Econometric Approach
- 3 Policy Evaluation Questions and Criteria of Interest
- 3.1 Three Policy Evaluation Problems Considered in This Paper
- 3.2 Dfinition of Individual Level Treatment Effects
- 3.3 The Evaluation Problem
- 3.4 New Population Level Treatment Parameters Introduced inEconomics
- 3.5 Distributions of Counterfactuals
- 3.6 Accounting for Uncertainty
- 3.7 A Specific Model
- 4 Counterfactuals, Causality and Structural Econometric Models
- 4.1 Generating Counterfactuals
- 4.2 Fixing vs. Conditioning
- 4.3 The Econometric Model vs. the Neyman{Rubin Model
- 4.4 Simultaneous Causality
- 5 Marschak's Maxim and the Relationship Betweenthe Econometric Literature and the Statistical Treatment Effect
- Literature: A Synthesis
- Acknowledgments
- References
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