Effect of aspect ratio on the collector efficiency of sheet-and-tube solar water heaters with the consideration of hydraulic dissipated energy

With the consideration of hydraulic dissipated energy, the influence of collector aspect ratio on the modified collector efficiency of sheet-and-tube solar water heaters has been investigated theoretically. As the collector area and the distance between tubes is fixed, the collector efficiency increases with increasing collector aspect ratio (i.e., either increasing tube length or decreasing tube number). However, based on the same hydraulic dissipated energy, decreasing the collector aspect ratio enhances the performance.