Energy use patterns and econometric models of major greenhouse vegetable productions in Iran

This paper examines the energy use patterns and energy input–output analysis of major greenhouse vegetable productions in Iran. Data from 43 farmers were obtained using a face-to-face questionnaire method. The majority of farmers in the surveyed region were growing cucumber and tomato. Total input energy was found to be 141493.51 and 131634.19 MJ ha−1 for cucumber and tomato productions, respectively. Among input energy sources, diesel fuel and fertilizers contained highest energy with 54.17–49.02% and 21.64–24.01%, respectively. The energy ratio was found to be 0.69 and 1.48 for cucumber and tomato productions, respectively. Econometric model evaluation showed the impact of human labor for cucumber and chemicals for tomato was significant at 1% levels. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the MPP value of energy inputs were between −5.87 and 7.74. RTS (returns to scale) values for cucumber and tomato yields were found to be 1.29 and 0.76; thus, there prevailed an IRS of cucumber for estimated model. The net return was found positive, as 22651.13 and 78125.08 $ ha−1 for cucumber and tomato, respectively. The benefit–cost ratios from cucumber and tomato productions were calculated to be 1.68 and 3.28, respectively. Among the surveyed greenhouses, the result indicated tomato cultivation was more profitable.