Entrepreneurship Policies: Principles, Problems and Opportunities

In this paper, we discuss the current status of the literature on entrepreneurship policy. The purpose is to discuss and assess several fundamental questions pertaining to entrepreneurship policies, such as “What is the optimal rate of entrepreneurship?” and “What entrepreneurship policies to pursue to remedy market failures and to avoid policy failures?”. In the entrepreneurship policies literature several contributors make distinctions between five types of entrepreneurship policy: government intervention on the demand side, as well as on the supply side; government policies aiming at influencing the supply of input factors of entrepre¬neurship, plus the preferences of potential entrepreneurs; along with government policies directly targeting the decision-making processes of potential and actual entrepreneurs. We conclude in this paper, there is a need for both a broad and a narrow definition of entrepreneurship poli¬cies. A broad perspective implies that the anal¬ysis also must consider the general conditions for entrepreneurship in terms of, for instance, insti¬tu¬tions. If the general conditions are wrong it can be meaningless as well as a waste of time and re¬sources to develop sophisticated policies targeting entrepreneurs. In these cases, the im¬portant entrepreneurship polices are those directed towards the general conditions. When the general conditions are reasonable, then it might be appropriate to develop and apply narrow entrepreneurship policies. Furthermore it is important to analyze how entrepreneurship policies should be de¬signed for countries and regions with different economic histories, different levels of economic development, different economic specializations, and different institutions.