Exploring complexity : a bibliometric analysis of agent-based modeling in finance and banking

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the use of agent-based modeling (ABM) in finance and banking, aiming to uncover how this methodology has evolved over the past two decades. It addresses the following overarching question: How has ABM contributed to the development of financial research in terms of trends, key contributors, and thematic directions? The relevance of this topic is based on the growing complexity of financial systems and the limitations of traditional models in capturing dynamic interactions, contagion effects, and systemic risks. Using a refined dataset of 489 articles from the Web of Science (2000-2024), selected through a multi-step keyword and relevance screening process, we apply bibliometric techniques using R Studio (version 2024.12.1+563) and Bibliometrix (version 4.3.3). The analysis reveals stable publication growth, strong international collaborations (notably Italy, USA, and China), and core thematic areas such as risk management, market simulation, financial stability, and policy evaluation. The findings highlight both well-established and emerging research fronts, with agent-based models increasingly used to simulate real-world financial phenomena and support regulatory strategies. By mapping the intellectual structure of the field, this paper provides a solid foundation for future interdisciplinary research and practical insights for policymakers seeking innovative tools for financial supervision and decision making.