Exploring patterns of economic security and sustainability across demographic groups

This study analyses income dynamics and economic vulnerability in the Republic of Moldova between 2019 and 2023, using data on income and expenditures from the Household Budget Survey conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics. The findings reveal significant socio-demographic disparities, with self-employed agricultural workers, pensioners, and low-education households being the most vulnerable. Urban areas demonstrated faster income growth than rural regions, exacerbating regional inequalities. Age and education also emerged as critical factors influencing economic security, with older adults and individuals with limited education facing higher risks of financial exclusion. The results underline the necessity of targeted policies to enhance educational access, reduce labour market insecurity, and address regional disparities to foster economic resilience and social inclusion.