Fiscal and welfare impacts of electricity subsidies in Central America

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Editors and Contributors -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Overview -- Key Findings -- Policy Directions -- Organization of the Study -- Summary of Results, by Country -- Annex 1A: Relevant Literature on Electricity Subsidies and Their Impacts -- Annex 1B: Electricity Subsidies and the Environment -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 The Electricity Sector in Central America and Its Subsidy Mechanisms -- Behind the Rise of Subsidies: Rising Electricity Consumption and Costs -- Subsidy Mechanisms in Central America -- Country Summaries of Existing Subsidy Mechanisms -- Electricity Subsidies in Central America: Key Messages -- Annex 2A: The Electricity Sectors of Central America -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 The Fiscal Impact of Electricity Subsidies in Central America -- Central American Electricity Subsidies in the International Context -- Calculating the Cost of Electricity Subsidies in Central America -- Fiscal Policy Implications of Electricity Subsidies -- Conclusion -- Annex 3A: Regional Aggregates for International Benchmarking of Fiscal Costs of Electricity Subsidies -- Annex 3B: Methodology for Estimating the Fiscal Cost of Electricity Subsidies in Central American Countries -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 The Distributional Impact of Electricity Subsidies in Central America -- Do Subsidies Make Electricity More Affordable? -- Are Subsidies Efficiently Targeted? -- A Closer Look: Incidence Analysis, by Country -- Key Messages -- Annex 4A: Methodology for Estimating Electricity Consumption in Central America -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5 Determinants of Electricity Subsidy Performance in Central America -- Measuring the Efficiency of the Distribution of Electricity Subsidies -- Targeting Performance in Central America.