Fully solution-processed perovskite solar cells fabricated by lamination process with silver nanoparticle film as top electrode

Perovskite solar cell is one of the most promising candidates for future photovoltaic market because of its high power conversion efficiency (>25%). However, most metal top electrodes are typically fabricated by a vacuum deposition method, which makes the fabrication expensive and unsuitable for commercial applications. In this paper, we present devices in which every layer was prepared using a solution process, with a laminated silver nanoparticle film serving as the top electrode. The silver nanoparticle film was produced by spin-coating the nanoparticle silver ink onto a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate followed by post-annealing at 150 °C for 5 min. Introduction of a thin layer of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/D-sorbitol, plays an important role in improving the adherence of devices and electrical contact during lamination. Thereby, laminated perovskite solar cells with average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.03% were achieved, almost of 90% of the PCE obtained for conventional devices (11.19%) with evaporated silver contact. The electrical and morphological properties of thermally annealed silver nanoparticle film were also investigated.