General Purpose Technology, Spin-Out, and Innovation : Technological Development of Laser Diodes in the United States and Japan

Part 1 Big Tree with Thick Trunk and its Fruits -- 1 Research Aim and Framework -- 2 Theoretical Background: General Purpose Technology, Pattern of Innovation, and Spin-out -- 3 Data -- 4 Technological Characteristics of Laser and Laser Diode -- Part 2 R&D and Market Competition of Laser Diodes in the U.S. and Japan -- 5 Birth of the Laser Diode: It All Started in the U.S -- 6 Continuous Wave Operation at Room Temperature and Long Operating Life: Catch Up of the Japanese Firms -- 7 Competition over Communications: Long-Wavelength Laser Diode -- 8 Aiming for a New Market: From CD to DVD -- 9 From Red to Blue: Competition for Shorter Wavelengths -- 10 Strategic Behaviors of Japanese Firms on the Technological Trajectory -- 11 Changes in the Industrial Organization: Rise of Spin-Outs -- Part 3 Sub-Market Development and Disappearing Technological Trajectory: Patterns of Innovation in the U.S. and Japan -- 12 Patterns of Spin-Outs and Innovation -- 13 Conclusion -- Appendices -- References -- Subject Index -- Name Index