Geometry of Global Value Chains in East Asia : The Role of Industrial Networks and Trade Policies

The paper provides an introduction to the use of input-output analysis and graph theory for understanding trade in the global value chains perspective. Applying these topological properties to the East Asian and Pacific context, it shows that the inter-industry network moved from a simple hub-and-spokes cluster to a more complex structure with the emergence of China and the specialization of several countries as secondary pivots. The densification of productive networks resulted from the coincidence of business strategies with the promotion of export-led growth strategies from developing East Asian countries. The trade facilitation policies lowered tariff duties and reduced other transaction costs. Tariff escalation was greatly reduced, lessening its anti-export bias and improving the competitiveness of second-tier national suppliers. The other axis of trade facilitation focused on improving logistics services and cross-border procedures