How can formal research networks produce more socially robust forest science?

Socially robust science refers to a mode of knowledge production that is validated through an expanded peer-review process, involving the knowledge users. It therefore integrates conventional criteria of validity with non-scientific criteria of usefulness. This paper seeks to better understand how university–government–industry–civil society (UGICS) research networks can produce more socially robust science. In Canada, there are numerous provincial, regional, and national forest research networks. One of the most notable of these organizations, in terms exemplifying a UGICS research network, was the Sustainable Forest Management Network (SFMN) (1995–2009), a Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence (NCE). The objective of this study was to elicit participants' experiences with, and perceptions of, the SFMN over its 14years of operation. This paper reports the results of our survey research and draws upon the authors' previous evaluative research on the SFMN to offer suggestions for the design and management of UGICS research networks that seek to foster more socially robust science. These include considerations about network management and governance, funding allocation and partnership models, knowledge exchange and management and research capacity development. Specific attention is also given to how formal research networks might attract and retain partnership with civil society groups. We believe that these suggestions will be relevant to other publicly-funded research networks exhibiting a heterogeneous collaborative profile.