Implementing community impact evaluation (CIE) in special economic zones : lessons from Campania (Italy) towards global practices

The establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in 2017 in Campania region in Southern Italy "Mezzogiorno" offers a valuable case study in promoting economic and territorial development. In 2024, the unified Special Economic Zone (SEZ) called 'ZES Unica' is introduced across Southern Italy, marking a strategic push for regional development. This article explores current SEZ strategies focused on economic sustainability and territorial resilience, using the Community Impact Evaluation (CIE) methodology. Our model, organized around macro-sector clusters, integrates economic and territorial indicators-a comprehensive approach often missing in SEZ analysis. This integrated approach is often missing from existing SEZ analyses. One of the central challenges in current policies is the lack of a comprehensive international perspective. Our study aims to bridge this gap by offering a cohesive framework that considers both economic and territorial factors. Additionally, we examine the role of stakeholders and strategic objectives in shaping SEZs, highlighting the importance of community involvement in decision-making and land use. Through this approach, we contribute to a more holistic and globally relevant model for SEZs across countries, especially in disadvantaged regions.