Implementing reverse logistics practices in the supply chain : a case study analysis of recycling firms

The global focus on supply chain efficiency underscores the importance of frameworks like the Supply Chain Operations Reference model, which integrates reverse logistics (RL) into supply chain management. This study explores the understanding of RL among recycling firms, key drivers behind its practices, implementation effectiveness and RL success factors in developing economies. Using a phenomenological philosophy and a qualitative multiple case study approach, the research examines leading recycling firms in East Africa, particularly in Uganda. Semi-structured interviews with practitioners yielded contextual insights analyzed through thematic and cross-case analysis to uncover key themes and patterns. RL emerges as a multidimensional process and strategic initiative aimed at environmental and operational goals. Key drivers include environmental concerns, economic incentives, regulatory pressures and technological advancements. The implementation of RL necessitates a holistic approach that encompasses material collection, product recovery and discard. The findings emphasize that successful RL implementation relies on management commitment, strategic partnerships, technological investments, and collaboration with stakeholders. Moreover, community engagement and skilled personnel, continuous adaptation and cost management are crucial for sustaining RL operations. The study's focus on Uganda's plastics and paper recycling sectors may limit generalizability, warranting further research in diverse contexts. This study enriches the limited knowledge of RL in developing economies, offering actionable insights for firms and policymakers to enhance reverse supply chains and foster a supportive regulatory environment for sustainable logistics practices such as RL.