Industry Restructuring: A Case for Affirmative Action

We analyze the trade-off faced by authorities envisaging a one-shot structural re-form in a capitalistic industry. A structure is modeled as (1) a sharing of productive capital at some time and (2) a sharing of scarce sites or any other non-reproducible assets. These two distinct dimensions of policy illustrate the importance of a dy-namic theory in which firms durably differ in several respects. Though equalization of endowments and rights is theoretically optimal, realistic constraints force com-petition authorities to adopt second-best solutions. Affirmative action here is the policy that recognizes the fact that, under certain circumstances, helping the dis-advantaged contributes maximally to social surplus.