LA RESTRUCTURATION D'UNE ANCIENNE VILLE FERMÉE EN RUSSIE : LA CRÉATION DE PME AUTOUR DE L'INSTITUT VECTOR A KOLTSOVO

This paper deals with the conversion of the former soviet scientific military system based on a case study of a scientific complex in the Ural devoted to research related to biological war. First, the paper attempts to describe the complex and its organization. In a second step, it presents the transformations that have occurred since the end of the cold war and the decline of the military activity, notably the reconversion of some activities and the privatization of others. From the many assets of the complex, several new ventures have been created, some of them building on the scientific and technological capacities, the so called sputnik enterprises, others of a more traditional type.