• #0 Executive summary
  • #1 Background
  • 1.1 Socio-economic context of the region
  • 1.2 Key biodiversity features of the region
  • 1.2.1 Global conservation priorities
  • 1.2.2 Threatened species
  • 1.2.3 Ecosystem services
  • #2 Conservation challenges
  • 2.1 Direct threats to biodiversity
  • 2.1.1 Wildlife crime and unsustainable exploitation
  • 2.1.2 Agricultural expansion and land-use change
  • 2.1.3 Extractive industries, energy and infrastructure
  • 2.1.4 Dams, polders and water abstraction and diversion
  • 2.1.5 Other direct threats
  • 2.2 Drivers of threats to biodiversity and ecosystems
  • 2.2.1 Population growth, changing consumption patterns and the drive for economic development
  • 2.2.2 Weak governance of natural resources
  • 2.2.3 Insecurity of tenure and inequitable access to resources
  • #3 Ongoing conservation efforts
  • 3.1 Protected areas
  • 3.1.1 Protected area coverage
  • 3.1.2 Protected area effectiveness
  • 3.1.3 Protected area governance
  • 3.1.4 Regional cooperation on protected areas and the environment
  • 3.2 Landscape and seascape-scale conservation
  • 3.2.1 Government actions
  • 3.2.2 Local populations
  • 3.2.3 Civil society organisations
  • 3.2.4 Private sector
  • 3.3 Tackling wildlife crime
  • 3.3.1 Government action
  • 3.3.2 International organisations and collaborative mechanisms
  • 3.3.3 Civil society actions
  • 3.3.4 Private sector actions
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