Ligand Chemistry of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles for Visual Read-Out Assay of Pesticides : A Review

In this review, the role of ligand chemistry on the surfaces of metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag and Cu) for colorimetric detection of various pesticides. This review briefly illustrates the aggregation mechanisms involving in the colorimetric detection of pesticides using functionalized metal nanoparticles as colorimetric sensors. Further, this provide summarizes the used ligands on the surfaces of metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag and Cu) for visual readouts of various pesticides at minimal volumes of samples. We conclude that the surface chemistry of the metallic nanoparticles plays a key role for the selective sensing of pesticides with the sensitivity enhancement using minimal sample volume. Finally, we outline the challenges and future perspectives of ligand chemistry on metal nanoparticles for colorimetric assays of pesticides from various samples