Mapping the literature on short-selling in financial markets : a lexicometric analysis

This study provides a comprehensive assessment and synthesis of the literature on short-selling. It performs a lexicometric analysis, providing a quantitative review of 1093 peer-reviewed journal articles to identify and illustrate the main themes in short-selling research. Almost half the published literature on short-selling is thematically clustered around portfolio management techniques. Other key themes involve short-selling as it relates to risk management, strategic management, and market irregularities. Descending hierarchical classification examines the overall structure of the textual corpus of the short-selling literature and the relationships between its key terms. Similarity analysis reveals that the short-selling literature is highly concentrated, with most conceptual groups closely aligned and fitting into overlapping or conceptually similar areas. Some notable groups highlight prior short-selling studies of market dynamics, behavioral factors, technological advancements, and regulatory frameworks, which can serve as a foundation for market regulators to make more informed decisions that enhance overall market stability. Additionally, this study proposes a conceptual framework in which short-selling can be either a driver or an outcome by integrating the literature on its antecedents, consequences, explanatory variables, and boundary conditions. Finally, it suggests directions for future research.