Marine Protected Areas, Marine Spatial Planning, and the Resilience of Marine Ecosystems

This chapter of a forthcoming book entitled RESILIENCE AND THE LAW explores the stressors to marine ecosystems and the role that place-based marine management, including marine protected areas (MPAs), marine reserves or No-Take Areas (NTAs), and marine spatial planning can play in maintaining and increasing these ecosystems' resilience, especially in the face of climate change impacts. It covers both the science and the law governing place-based management and includes international, regional, and national perspectives