Monitoring media pluralism in the digital era : application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Member States and in candidate countries in 2023 : Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom

This report presents the results and the methodology of the Media Pluralism Monitor 2024, based on its implementation in 32 countries (27 EU Member States and five candidate countries) for the year 2023. The Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) is a tool that is geared to assessing the risks to media pluralism in both EU Member States and in candidate countries. Since 2013/2014, it has been implemented on a regular basis by the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom, and on a yearly basis since 2020. This tool is based on a holistic perspective, taking into account the legal, political, and economic variables that are relevant in analysing the levels of plurality in media systems in a democratic society.