A multiple criteria analysis approach for assessing regional and territorial progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Italy

Sustainability is a pressing global challenge demanding an integrated approach balancing economic, environmental, and social perspectives. Numerous indicators have been proposed in the literature to assess progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including equitable and sustainable well-being (BES). To effectively manage and monitor these indicators, robust analytical models are essential. The present study proposed an integrated analytical framework combining the 0-1 (min-max) method and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The analysis examined 61 indicators from the 2024 Equitable and Sustainable Well-being of the Territories, a dataset developed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) to assess regional social, economic, and environmental sustainability across Italy. The results confirmed a persistent north-south divide, with average scores of 3.9 in the north and 1.4 in the south on a 1-5 scale, and central Italy demonstrating an intermediate performance of 3.1. At the regional level, Trentino-Alto Adige, Lombardia, and Valle d'Aosta emerged as top performers, while at the territorial level, Milano, Bologna, and Trieste stood out. These insights highlight the need for stronger synergies between territories to enhance competitiveness and elevate "Made in Italy" on the global stage. Effective regional collaboration may optimize resource allocation, harmonize territorial disparities, and accelerate progress toward the SDGs by leveraging local strengths and fostering sustainable development.