Narrowing the digital divide : economic and social convergence in Europe's digital transformation

Digitalisation has been on the EU policy agenda since 2000. While great strides have been made in this area over the past two decades, the digital transformation is not yet complete. This report seeks to deepen our understanding of the evolution towards a digital Europe. By applying the lens of convergence, the report assesses the progress of Member States towards the EU's policy targets, where Member States are growing together and where digital gaps are expanding. It also considers the gaps in the progress of digitalisation between socioeconomic groups and regions. According to almost all indicators analysed, historically lower-performing Member States have been catching up with the digital leaders. However, at a more granular level, digitalisation of businesses has been uneven and significant inequalities persist between regions and socioeconomic groups. The report shines a light on the role of digitalisation in the EU's economic convergence and considers the progress in and benefits of digitalisation for the private sector. The findings show that access is still an issue for vulnerable groups, in particular low-income households, older individuals and those with lower levels of education. Importantly, these are the groups that are more reliant on public services, and they may struggle to access e-government. While progress is being made, some groups remain at risk of being left behind in the digital transition. Considering this, the report highlights a range of policy approaches being deployed across Europe that aim to narrow the digital divide.