Optimal Higher Education Enrollment and Productivity Externalities in a Two-Sector Model

We investigate externalities in higher education enrollment over the course of development in a two-sector model. Each sector works with only one type of labor, skilled or unskilled, and individuals are differentiated according to their cost of acquiring human capital. Both sectors exhibit productivity externalities in the size of the skill-specific labor and in the average human capital of workers. When skill-biased technological change prevails, it may well be the case that intermediate stages of development witness under enrollment in higher education, while highly developed economies experience over enrollment