Optimization models for charging location problems : a review and research agenda

Government regulations have forced the automotive industry to invest in producing electric vehicles (EVs). Despite the push and will, the adoption of EVs has not ramped up as expected. The factors behind this slow adoption are probably due to some unresolved technological issues of EVs. Needless to mention that current known reserves of raw material (e.g., cobalt, lithium, and nickel) needed to produce batteries are incompatible with a complete transition of the current global transport fleet (Michaux, 2021) and that we do not know whether such material is recyclable without loss in its quality or generating hazardous waste. Given that EVs research is often categorized by its charging infrastructure, each classification/design has its own environmental, functional, and economic indicators for system performance. This chapter focuses on battery charging management from a mathematical modelling and optimization perspective. It surveys those models and solutions algorithms to identify immediate and pressing research gaps.