Patterns of Rural Non-Farm Activities and Household Access toInformal Economy in Northwest Pakistan

This paper draws on empirical research carried out in two rural communities in North-West Pakistan to establish a baseline picture of the patterns of non-farm activities andidentify the extent of change in non-agricultural employment as well as the determinantsof participation in informal employment sector, which can be translated into policyrecommendations. A quasi-longitudinal analysis of the socio-economic situationprevailing in 2003-04 was made with empirical research conducted by IRE, Georg-August University Goettingen, Germany in the same region in 1967/68 and 1986/87 inorder to reveal the structural adjustment processes in this setting. The results indicate aclear trend on the part of the household in Northwest Pakistan to switch towards nonagriculturalactivities and this development is caused by the large increase in population(44%) as well as the shrinking of employment opportunities in the farming sector. Therewas a high degree of gender biasness as revealed by extremely poor female economicparticipation mainly due to the traditional nature of Pathan society....

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Year of publication:	2005
Authors:	Khan, Mohammad Asif
Institutions:	Universität <Göttingen> / Institut für Rurale Entwicklung
Subject:	Arbeit \| Labor \| Schattenwirtschaft \| Sozioökonomischer Wandel \| socioeconomic change

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1.2. Statement of the Problem
1.3. Objectives of the Study
2. THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. Rural Employment Structure
2.2. Factors Responsible for Participation in Informal Economic Activities
2.3 Conceptual Framework
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Site
3.2. Sample Size
3.3. Research Instruments
3.4. Basic Survey
3.5. Special Survey
3.6. Analytical Instruments
3.7. The Data Analysis
4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA
4.1. Socio-economic Structure in the Surveyed Areas
4.2. Livelihoods and Occupational Diversity in the Study Area
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1. Trends in Non-Agricultural Employment in the Research Area
5.2. Factors Influencing Head of the Household Participation in Non-Farm EconomicActivities: Probit Model Results and Discussion
5.3. Estimation Results of Probit Model
5.4. Analysis of Structural Changes from 1987/88 to 2003/04
6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1. Conclusion
6.2. Recommendations
7. REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix I. Probit Results for Participation in Informal Employment
Appendix II Case Studies in the Survey Villages
Appendix III Some Pictures of Socio-Economic Life in Village Kukar and Dalazak in NorthwestPakistan

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