Plugging the gap : how Europe can keep Ukraine supplied with the means to defend itself

Europeans need to adapt to a new strategic reality where the US provides minimal assistance to Ukraine - or potentially none. This will not be easy given Kyiv's reliance on Washington for military equipment, as well as communications and intelligence support. In some areas, there are European alternatives to US equipment and the key challenge is increasing production. But Europeans would struggle to fully replace US communications and intelligence support if it was cut off. To mitigate the impact of reduced US support, European countries should deploy a mix of mutually reinforcing strategies. These include boosting defence production in Ukraine and in Europe, rapidly investing in critical missing capabilities, and purchasing equipment for Kyiv from Washington.