Policies for synchronization in the transport–land-use system

This paper presents an overview of options for synchronization in the transport and land-use system. We distinguish between synchronizing (a) transport networks, (b) activity locations, (c) transport networks and activity locations, and (d) ICT-based decoupling of activities from time and/or locations. Synchronizations in both time and space apply to these four forms of synchronizing, resulting in eight synchronization options. These eight synchronization options were then linked to different categories of policy options: (a) regulation, (b) pricing, (c) land use planning (d) infrastructure planning, (e) specific public transport policies, (f) marketing and communication, and (g) time related policies. We explain the relevance of these policy options for synchronization. Next we apply our structured overview to a case study, the redevelopment of the Rotterdam Soccer stadion of Feyenoord. Finally we discuss the relevance of Cost-Benefit Analysis and Multi-Criteria-Analysis for the evaluation of policy options, concluding that CBA is the preferred method of evaluation in most but not all cases.