Post-Quantum Cryptography: Robust Solutions Against Quantum Computing Threats

Quantum computers are a revolutionary technology based on the principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike conventional computers that work with binary bits (0 or 1), quantum devices use qubits that can exist in multiple states (“superpositions”) and interact with each other through the phenomenon of “quantum entanglement.” Thanks to this, quanta can greatly accelerate the solution of a number of important problems that were previously considered insurmountable for classical machines. This review describes the principles of operation of quantum computers, considers their unique advantages, and demonstrates the potential for their impact on the future of computer science and the technology industry.