Power management of PV/battery hybrid power source via passivity-based control

In this paper, the power electronic interface between a DC hybrid power source with a photovoltaic main source and a Li-ion battery storage as the secondary power source is modelled based on the Euler–Lagrange framework. Subsequently, passivity-based controllers are synthesised using the energy shaping and damping injection techniques. Local asymptotic stability is ensured as well. In addition, the power management system is designed to manage power flow between components.