Production Efficiency of Advanced Liquid Biofuels : Prospects and Challenges

Renewable sources are becoming more critical in light of global warming and the recent energy crisis. As a renewable energy source, biofuels may play an essential role in this process, especially in the transport sector. Advanced biofuels provide a great opportunity, as their potential feedstocks do not compete with food production. Based on a systematic literature review, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the prospects and challenges of advanced liquid biofuels. Out of the identified 508 articles, 188 were abstract-screened, providing 67 articles for in-depth screening. Finally, 57 articles were reviewed. Although advanced biofuels are not yet economically viable, it is evident that every step of the production process can be optimized. Moreover, technological advancements, such as the use of novel catalysts and co-catalysts, nanotechnology, and genetic and metabolic engineering, offer great opportunities for enhanced production efficiency, which is key for their production to be profitable.