Quantitative Policy Analysis of Sanitary, Phytosanitary and Technical Barriers to Trade

This paper surveys and analyses existing methodologies to model and quantify non-tariff trade barriers (NTBs) in the agricultural and food sectors. The analysis centers on sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical regulations that can have an impact on trade. The paper stresses methods that provide some quantitative estimates of the impact of such barriers on market equilibrium, trade flows, economic efficiency, and welfare. Potential areas for future applied research are identified.