Real-world based approach for optimal management of electric vehicles in an intelligent parking lot considering simultaneous satisfaction of vehicle owners and parking operator

In this paper, an optimal energy management system for EVs (electric vehicles) parking is proposed. The presented model has the capability of management and optimal scheduling of charging and discharging of a large number of electric vehicles while considering technical and economic aspects. This model takes parking operator's benefit as well as vehicle owners' benefit into considerations, simultaneously. The benefit of parking operator is maximized by considering total daily costs and income of the parking lot. Furthermore, in order to maximize vehicles owners' profit and satisfying them, lost opportunity cost and penalty cost functions have been introduced. The parking lot is fined if requested final state of charge by vehicle owners is not met. In Addition, financial transactions of parking operator with vehicle owners and distribution system operator are accurately investigated. The obtained results imply that the presented energy management system provides maximum profits for parking operator and meanwhile it fulfills preferences of vehicle owners.