Single-Use Plastics in ASEAN : Developing a Coordinated Policy Approach

Plastic waste, especially waste from single-use plastic (SUP) products, is a fast-growing crisis. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a major hotspot and is already experiencing significant consequences. In recent years, as globalization accelerates, plastic products have saturated global markets. While plastics provide benefits such as preserving food and supporting the medical industry, their waste poses a significant challenge. For low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and some upper middle-income countries (UMICs), this is particularly acute due to constrained waste management infrastructure and gaps in policy frameworks. ASEAN member states (AMS) are also experiencing a rise in plastic pollution they cannot effectively manage, especially from SUPs. SUPs pose the greatest challenge due to their short lifespan and rapid waste generation. However, restrictive and permissive policies, including targeted bans, can be effective in combating plastic pollution, reducing SUPs, and improving recycling processes. This report presents the findings of a policy analysis of the SUP policy landscape in AMS and recommends an approach to SUP policy design grounded in the ASEAN context. It outlines the theoretical frameworks that underpinned the analysis and describes the proposed design approach. It also sets out a way forward on monitoring and enforcement and lists key actions to support AMS in designing and implementing effective SUP policies. The report presents the range of plastic policy options for tackling SUPs. These include restrictive policies such as bans, phasedowns and phase-outs, taxes or fees, eco-design regulations, and extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes; and permissive policies such as prioritizing recycling, building awareness, and collaborating with industry and business