Spanning the HRD Academic-Practitioner Divide -- Bridging the Gap Through Mode 2 Research

In HRD, the relationship between theory (usually produced by academics) and practice (the domain, normally of practitioners), has been seen in dichotomous terms of theory versus practice, referred to in various ways such as: the research-practice gap; the implementation gap; the research-practice divide; and the theory-practice void. This gap is also typified by Mode 1 research, an approach which adopts the principles of ‘normal science' and which generates results, the main beneficiaries of which are the academic community. Practitioners, however, need research that has a practical focus and which can be applied immediately. This article examines the nature of Mode 2 research, where knowledge is generated in the context of multi-stakeholder teams (academics and practitioners) that transcend the boundaries of traditional disciplines, working on problems to be found in working life. It is an approach that requires both academic rigour and practical relevance. The article presents and critically evaluates a number of examples of academic-practitioner partnerships in action in order to highlight both the potential and the challenges for the development of Mode 2 research. It also recommends strategies for the advancement of Mode 2 research, including getting academics to attune themselves more closely with the needs of practitioners, encouraging academics to write for practitioner journals, and the use of the kinds of research methodologies that can generate richer stories and cases that resonate with practitioner interests