Sustainable Digital Transformation Through Energy-Efficient Edge and Fog Computing

With the demand for realtime data processing and effective management of resources, edge and fog computing have become the key solutions for sustainable development issues in the digital world. This survey paper provides an overview of edge and fog computing and their application in enabling sustainable practices across sectors with less energy consumption and carbon footprint than cloud computing. In this context, we explore the structures and main elements of edge and fog computing, focusing on energy-related approaches, local data processing benefits, and green hardware solutions. Moreover, we look at other application areas like smart cities, health care, industrial IoT, and agriculture where real-life successful cases with sustainable impact are also illustrated. The paper also discusses issues and drawbacks of the solutions such as security issue and the issue of compatibility between different solutions. This survey has underlined the importance of edge and fog computing to support the sustainable development in the world that becomes more interconnected.