Technical developments in counter-drone technology : C-UAS detection, tracking and identification technology : annual report

A commonly used term in the context of counter unmanned aircraft systems (C‑UAS) is detection, tracking and identification (DTI). DTI includes detection, localisation, tracking, classification and identification. This report provides a comprehensive overview of detection, localisation and tracking technology, highlighting the complexities and challenges involved, and touches upon classification and identification. A shared context is established by defining key terminology and concepts, such as C-UAS, C‑UAS sensor, C‑UAS system, and C‑UAS solution. Sensing refers to the use of technologies and techniques for detecting physical phenomenon: various C‑UAS sensing modalities are explored, including acoustic, electro-optical, radar, and radio frequency (RF) sensors. Strengths and limitations of each modality are highlighted, as well as the importance of sensor data fusion in achieving more effective and robust C‑UAS detection, localisation and tracking. The report provides a technology overview and serves as practical guidance and operational support, for community-building and information sharing, among stakeholders involved in C‑UAS. It is aimed at readers who require a deeper understanding of the complexities and challenges involved in C‑UAS detection, tracking and identification, and who wish to stay up to date with the latest developments in C‑UAS technology.