Technology-Policy Interaction in Frictional Labor Markets

Does capital-embodied technological change play an important role in shaping labor market outcomes? To address this question, we develop a model with vintage capital and search-matching frictions where irreversible investment in new vintages of capital creates heterogeneity in productivity among firms, matched as well as vacant. We demonstrate that capital-embodied technological change reduces labor demand and raises equilibrium unemployment and unemployment durations. In addition, the presence of labor market regulation — we analyze unemployment benefits, payroll and income taxes, and firing costs — exacerbates these effects. Thus, the model is qualitatively consistent with some key features of the European labor market experience, relative to that of the United States: it features a sharper rise in unemployment and a sharper fall in the vacancy rate and the labor share. A calibrated version of our model suggests that this technology-policy interaction could explain a sizeable fraction of the observed differences between the United States and Europe