The drivers of foreign direct investment in telecommunications among developing countries : the role of government

During the late 1980s, globalization of the world's economies and technological development created the conditions for the expansion of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in telecommunications. This tendency has been further boosted by different economic reforms that countries have implemented, which have included the liberalization of FDI regimes and the opening of the infrastructure sectors, including telecommunications, to private investment and competition. As a result, developing countries have received considerable inflows of FDI in telecommunications through multinational companies, headquartered in developed countries that either have purchased state-owned telecom providers or have entered mobile markets. In this context, since the late 1990s a few domestic companies from emerging economies have also emerged as successful players in the international markets, generating a new wave of investment, commonly called "South-South" FDI, that currently represents nearly one-third of foreign capital inflows in telecommunications in developing economies. This thesis explores the country-level drivers of the recent wave of South-South FDI in telecommunications and how these drivers have shaped domestic companies' competitive advantages. Specifically, I address two research objectives: First, to determine what country-level factors have enabled a few domestic companies from developing countries to emerge as successful players in the international telecommunications markets.