The economic costs of cadmium non-tariff measures for smallholder cocoa farmers in Ecuador
Year of publication: |
2024
|
---|---|
Authors: | Vázquez-deCastro, José Luis ; Chávez, Eduardo ; Espinel, Ramón ; Hendrix, Stan ; Smolders, Erik ; Maertens, Miet |
Subject: | cadmium regulations | cocoa supply chain | contingent valuation | farmer preferences | international trade | non-tariff barriers | Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse | Non-tariff barriers | Kleinbauern | Smallholders | Kakaoanbau | Cocoa farming | Ecuador | Kakao | Cocoa | Lieferkette | Supply chain | Agraraußenhandel | International agricultural trade | Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse | Willingness to pay | Kakaomarkt | Cocoa market | Welt | World |
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