The effect of social and spatial processes on the provision of Urban open spaces: the case of Bhubaneswar in India

Bhubaneswar, a second tier state capital city of India, is currently undergoing a transformation from an administrative centre into a hub of economic activities, and experiencing all the associated turmoil one might expect as it struggles to meet the new demands of infrastructure and public utilities. There is a corresponding declining trend in the provision of open spaces as land availability is reduced. Additionally, the funds allocation for development of open spaces for recreational use is insufficient. This paper discusses the urban processes and associated impacts for the planning and provision of urban open spaces in the city. The provision of recreational open space is also examined with respect to the social and physical aspects of the city. The institutional infrastructure is discussed and a set of indicators are proposed for evaluation, planning and strategies for a comprehensive open space structure, by applying eco-city concepts and community based management.